If you’re looking into studying in China, you’ve probably come across the terms “211” and “985” universities. These are not just random numbers — they represent two major education initiatives launched by the Chinese government to improve the quality and global competitiveness of higher education in China. Understanding the difference between them can help you make a smarter decision when choosing a university.
What Are 211 Universities?
The 211 Project was introduced in 1995 with the goal of elevating around 100 universities to international standards for the 21st century — hence the name, which stands for “21st century, 100 universities”. In total, about 112 universities across China were selected to receive special funding, improved research resources, and better infrastructure.
These universities are known for strong academic programs and national-level disciplines. While not all of them are globally ranked, many are highly respected within China and offer excellent education quality, especially in science, engineering, business, and regional studies. Some well-known 211 universities include East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), South China University of Technology (SCUT), and Nanjing Agricultural University (NJAU).
What Are 985 Universities?
Just a few years later, in 1998, China launched an even more ambitious project, called Project 985. This initiative aimed to build world-class universities that could compete with the best institutions globally. Only 39 universities qualified, and these schools receive even more government funding and international attention than the 211 universities.
Universities under the 985 Project often appear in top global rankings such as QS, Times Higher Education, and ARWU. They have world-class research facilities, extensive international exchange programs, and a reputation for innovation and academic leadership. Examples of 985 universities include Tsinghua University, Peking University, Fudan University, and Zhejiang University.
So, What’s the Difference?
In short, both 211 and 985 universities are considered elite, but 985 universities are more prestigious, more competitive, and better funded. They typically lead in national and international rankings, making them the top choice for students aiming for global exposure, advanced research opportunities, or high-impact careers.
However, that doesn’t mean 211 universities aren’t worth considering. Many of them offer excellent programs, strong research teams, and vibrant student life, often with less pressure and competition. They’re especially good options if you’re looking for specialized programs, more affordable cities, or slightly easier admission requirements.
A Quick Look at the Differences:
- Number of Universities: About 112 (211) vs. 39 (985)
- Funding: High for 211, even higher for 985
- Prestige: 985 universities are the top tier in China
- Global Reach: 985s are more likely to have international collaborations and appear in rankings
- Examples of 985: Tsinghua, Peking, Fudan
- Examples of 211: ECUST, SCUT, NJAU
Final Thoughts
If you’re aiming for the highest academic recognition, want to work in academia or research, or plan to pursue further studies abroad, a 985 university is your best bet. But if you’re more focused on a specific major, a practical education, or a less intense environment, a 211 university could offer exactly what you need, with many still offering full or partial scholarships to international students.
And one last thing: In 2017, China started transitioning away from the 211 and 985 labels with a new initiative called the “Double First-Class” project, which aims to develop both world-class universities and world-class disciplines. Still, 211 and 985 are widely used terms in admissions, job markets, and scholarship opportunities, so it’s important to understand what they mean.
